Biocontrol introduction

Target pest: Pineus laevis (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), pine twig chermes, pine woolly aphid

Agent introduced: Chrysopa spp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Imported:

1926?

Import source:

North America

Import notes:

Cameron et al. (1989) - the Agriculture Handbook 480, published by the US Department of Agriculture in 1978, states two species of Chrysopa were sent from North America to New Zealand in 1926 as a biocontrol of P. laevis, but did not establish. However, there is no mention by New Zealand authors of these species, and in fact, a publication at the time of the 1932 introduction of Leucopis sp. [see Leucopis tapiae introduction record] categorically states that the Leucopis introduction was the first attempt to control P. laevis.

Released:

1926?

Establishment:

Cameron et al. (1989) - the USDA Agriculture Handbook 480 states Chrysopa spp. did not establish in New Zealand. However, it is unknown if any releases or even importations were made [see Cameron et al. (1989) entry in 'Import notes' section].

References

Cameron PJ, Hill RL, Bain J, Thomas WP (1989). A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874-1987. Technical Communication No 10. CAB International Institute of Biological Control. DSIR Entomology Division. 424p.